Abstract

Providing access to cultural heritage data beyond book digitization and information retrieval projects is important for delivering advanced semantic support to end users, in order to address their specific needs. We introduce a separation of concerns for heritage data management by explicitly defining different user groups and analyzing their particular requirements. Based on this analysis, we developed a comprehensive system architecture for accessing, annotating, and querying textual historic data. Novel features are the deployment of a Wiki user interface, natural language processing services for end users, metadata generation in OWL ontology format, SPARQL queries on textual data, and the integration of external clients through Web Services. We illustrate these ideas with the management of a historic encyclopedia of architecture.

Abstract

In this paper, we present a formal process model to support the comprehension and maintenance of software systems. The model provides a formal ontological representation that supports the use of reasoning services across different knowledge resources. In the presented approach, we employ our Description Logic knowledge base to support the maintenance process management, as well as detailed analyses among resources, e.g., the traceability between various software artifacts. The resulting unified process model provides users with active guidance in selecting and utilizing these resources that are context-sensitive to a particular comprehension task. We illustrate both, the technical foundation based on our existing SOUND environment, as well as the general objectives and goals of our process model.

Keywords: Software maintenance, process modeling, ontological reasoning, software comprehension, traceability, text mining.

Abstract

Traceability links provide support for software engineers in understanding the relations and dependencies among software artifacts created during the software development process. In this research, we focus on re-establishing traceability links between existing source code and documentation to support reverse engineering. We present a novel approach that addresses this issue by creating formal ontological representations for both the documentation and source code artifacts.

Tutorial Description

Do you have a lack of information? Or do you rather feel overwhelmed by the sheer amount of (online) available content, like emails, news, web pages, and electronic documents? The rather young field of Text Mining developed from the observation that most knowledge today - more than 80% of the data stored in databases - is hidden within documents written in natural languages and thus cannot be automatically processed by traditional information systems.

Text Mining, "also known as intelligent text analysis, text data mining or knowledge-discovery in text (KDT), refers generally to the process of extracting interesting and non-trivial information and knowledge from unstructured text." Text Mining is a highly interdisciplinary field, drawing on foundations and technologies from fields like computational linguistics, database systems, and artificial intelligence, but applying these in new and often unconventional ways.

(This webpage is about a technical report on Text Mining, written in German. Try Google Translate for an English version.)

Interner Bericht 2006-5, Fakultät für Informatik, Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Germany

Herausgegeben von René Witte und Jutta Mülle

ISSN 1432-7864

200 Seiten, 75 Abbildungen

Abstract

Text Mining in biology and biomedicine requires a large amount of domain-specific knowledge. Publicly accessible resources hold much of the information needed, yet their practical integration into natural language processing (NLP) systems is fraught with manifold hurdles, especially the problem of semantic disconnectedness throughout the various resources and components. Ontologies can provide the necessary framework for a consistent semantic integration, while additionally delivering formal reasoning capabilities to NLP.

In this chapter, we address four important aspects relating to the integration of ontology and NLP: (i) An analysis of the different integration alternatives and their respective vantages; (ii) The design requirements for an ontology supporting NLP tasks; (iii) Creation and initialization of an ontology using publicly available tools and databases; and (iv) The connection of common NLP tasks with an ontology, including technical aspects of ontology deployment in a text mining framework. A concrete application example—text mining of enzyme mutations—is provided to motivate and illustrate these points.

Keywords: Text Mining, NLP, Ontology Design, Ontology Population, Ontological NLP

Abstract

The biomedical literature is growing at an ever-increasing rate, which pronounces the need to support scientists with advanced, automated means of accessing knowledge. We investigate a novel approach employing description logics (DL)-based queries made to formal ontologies that have been created using the results of text mining full-text research papers. In this paradigm, an OWL-DL ontology becomes populated with instances detected through natural language processing (NLP). The generated ontology can be queried by biologists using DL reasoners or integrated into bioinformatics workflows for further automated analyses. We demonstrate the feasibility of this approach with a system targeting the protein mutation literature.

Keywords: text mining; semantic web; ontological NLP; protein mutations; automated reasoning in bioinformatics; querying OWL-DL ontologies; description logics.

Abstract

We present a system capable of modeling human newspaper readers. It is based on the extraction of reported speech, which is subsequently converted into a fuzzy theory-based representation of single statements. A domain analysis then assigns statements to topics. A number of fuzzy set operators, including fuzzy belief revision, are applied to model different belief strategies. At the end, our system holds certain beliefs while rejecting others.

Abstract

Documents written in natural languages constitute a major part of the artifacts produced during the software engineering lifecycle. Especially during software maintenance or reverse engineering, semantic information conveyed in these documents can provide important knowledge for the software engineer. In this paper, we present a text mining system capable of populating a software ontology with information detected in documents. A particular novelty is the integration of results from automated source code analysis into an NLP pipeline, allowing to cross-link software artifacts represented in code and natural language on a semantic level.

Abstract

The development of text analysis systems targeting the extraction of information about mutations from research publications is an emergent topic in biomedical research. Current systems differ in both scope and approaches, which prevents a meaningful comparison of their performance and therefore possible synergies. To overcome this "evaluation bottleneck," we developed a comprehensive framework for the systematic analysis of mutation extraction systems, precisely defining tasks and corresponding evaluation metrics that will allow a comparison of existing and future applications.

Keywords: mutation extraction systems; mutation evaluation tasks; mutation evaluation metrics